Almanach de Gotha: annuaire généalogique, diplomatique et statistique. Accompanied by his wife, two children, and a chaplain (Joseph A. Lopez), Agustin de Iturbide landed at the port of Soto la Marina on Mexico on 14 July 1824, where he was arrested and later executed by a firing squad on 19 July 1824. While the Catholic clergy supported him,[18] the coronation dashed republican hopes, and while the Plan of Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba directed that in the event of it being impossible to instate a European ruler on the Mexican throne, a national sovereign could be chosen, some of the royalists that had supported Iturbide had hoped for a European ruler. [2][11][12] However, events in Spain caused problems, as the very monarchy for which that class was fighting was in serious trouble. She was the wife of Emperor Agustín de Iturbide of Mexico. [11] He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the provincial regiment. Felipe de la Garza had been the head of a short-lived revolt during Iturbide's reign. In the battle, rebel forces were soundly defeated by forces led by Iturbide, forcing Morelos to retreat to the Hacienda of Santa Lucía and to leave Mariano Matamoros and Ignacio López Rayón in command of the rebel army, with over 600 insurgents killed and 700 captured. More conservative political factions in Mexico finally convinced Iturbide to return. [12] A key element was added at O'Donojú's suggestion: if Spain refused its right to appoint a regent for the Mexican Empire, the Mexican congress would have freedom to elect whoever it deemed worthy as emperor. [12], Early in the independence period of Mexico's history, even the day used to mark Independence would be based on one's political stance. [2], Agustín de Iturbide's coronation was held at the Mexico City Cathedral on 21 July 1822, Ana María was crowned empress, in an elaborate ceremony. He would be overthrown with the Mexican Revolution. Con la emperatriz, Agustín de Iturbide tuvo descendencia, entre sus ocho hijos, tres varones que lo sobrevivieron: Agustín Jerónimo Iturbide y Huarte. The new government had indirect representation, based on the Cadiz model, but the Plan of Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba were clear that the order of things would be kept as it had been before the Cadiz Constitution. One of Iturbide's first military campaigns was to help put down a mutiny, headed by She soon joined her husband into exile when he abdicated the throne on 19 March 1823. [20], The plan gained wide support because it demanded independence without attacking the landed classes and did not threaten social dissolution. The Mexican Monarchy, in addition to being moderate and Constitutional, is also hereditary. Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte (30 September 1807 – 11 December 1866) was the eldest son of the first Emperor of Mexico, Agustín I of Mexico. Ana María provided a dowry of one hundred thousand pesos, with which the couple bought a hacienda in the town of Maravatío. Iturbide returned to Mexico on 14 July 1824,[2] accompanied by his wife, two children, and a chaplain (Joseph A. Iturbide was unaware of the penalty. But then, the King of Spain pressured the Grand Duke of Tuscany to expel the Imperial family, and in so, the empress and her family left for London. To show the military might of the alliance, Iturbide co-ordinated with associated royalist and insurgent commanders in the provinces, opting for a replay of the strategy of closing in on Mexico City from the periphery, which Morelos had attempted in 1811–14. What remained of the royalist army retreated to Veracruz and was cornered in the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa,[18] and O'Donoju, who had been assured an important position in the government of the new empire, died shortly afterwards, dishonored by his Spaniard compatriots. He turned down the offer to reclaim his post since he felt that his honor had been damaged. [1] The junta had 36 members who would have legislative power until the convocation of a congress. Many military leaders who Iturbide appointed turned on him upon contacting Santa Anna's forces. de I. Cumplido Collection library_of_congress; americana Digitizing sponsor The Library of Congress Contributor The Library of Congress Language Spanish. He may have been involved in the initial conspiracy to declare independence in 1809 that was headed by José Mariano Michelena in Valladolid. VOLUME V, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ana_María_Huarte&oldid=989396716, Articles with dead external links from May 2019, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles with style issues from October 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 5. Conoce su biografía. Iturbide's enemy-turned-ally, Vicente Guerrero, turned back to enemy when he and General Nicolás Bravo escaped México City and allied themselves with the rebels. Curiously, it did not specifically call for a republic or for the abdication of Iturbide. [16], As a captain, he pursued rebel forces in the area, managing to capture Albino Licéaga y Rayón, leading to another promotion. [16][20], The National Institutional Junta was directed to create much-needed legislation in economic matters, create a provisional set of laws for the Empire, and then issue a call for a new Constituent Congress. Ana Manuela belonged to one of New Spain's richest and most influential families, the House of Tagle, the family of the Marquises of Altamira. He demanded preference for his army and also personally chose ministers. That marked a turn in the war as Morelos would never again achieve the same level of competency as he had before this defeat. One interesting twist to the story is reported by Mexico City daily La Jornada, which states that Iturbide held the first popular referendum in Mexico. Opposition groups began to band together against him. When a local priest administered last rites, Iturbide said, "Mexicans! If he did not come to Mexico, another member of the Bourbon royal family would be chosen to rule there. Publication date 1846 Topics Iturbide, Agustín de, 1783-1824 Publisher México, Impr. Iturbide persecuted his enemies, arresting and jailing a score of former members of the Congress, but that did not bring peace.[1][2][13]. [7], In 1805, when he was twenty-two, Iturbide married Ana María Josefa Ramona de Huarte y Muñiz, member of the House of Tagle of the family of the Marquises of Altamira. She showed grace, great beauty and exquisite manners while in Colegio Santa Rosa Maria, and it was in this school where she met the young Agustin de Iturbide. Guerrero was betrayed and assassinated, and Santa Anna would rise to avenge him, beginning the era of Mexican History that Santa Anna so clearly dominated. Iturbide was the son of Emperor Agustin's second son, Prince Don Ángel María de Iturbide y Huarte (2 October 1816 – 21 July 1872). [13], On 27 October 1839, his remains were placed in an urn in the Chapel of San Felipe de Jesús in the Mexico City Cathedral, where they remain. Santa Anna wrote to Iturbide, explaining his reasons and swearing to sacrifice his own life if it was necessary to ensure the safety of the Emperor.
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