This form of political power is often aggressive (), and is most immediately effective when imposed by one political body upon another of lesser military and/or economic power. Search for more papers by this author. Baruch College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. Soft Power, Hard Power, and Smart Power. Hard power contrasts with soft power, which comes from diplomacy, culture and history. Search for more papers by this author. Douglas P. Lackey. Smart Power refers to a combination of all the above, with the addition that each is used prudently. Joseph Nye's timely and informative analysis addresses all the questions one may have asked about the ambiguous term Smart Power and contrasts the various forms of power, whether it is economic power, hard power, or soft power. policy who have identified the mix of hard and soft power tools and delivery methods as a priority for the successful extension of power and the achievement of desired outcomes. Smart power is now a part of doctrine for militaries around the world that wish to incorporate smart power into their overall hard power competencies. How do they differ, and how can “smart power” be exercised most effectively in these times? Hard power is the use of military and economic means to influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies. Baruch College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. Douglas P. Lackey. This article pushes beyond hard power and soft power to insist on smart power, defined as the capacity of an actor to combine elements of hard power and soft power in ways that are mutually reinforcing such that the actor's purposes are advanced effectively and efficiently. Chief Nye: Effective strategies in the real world are a mix of hard and soft power, and that combination of hard and soft power in effective ways is what I call “smart power.” Far too often people think that hard power alone is sufficient.
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